![]() ![]() ![]() Societal collapse is generally quick but rarely abrupt. However, others never recovered, such as the Western and Eastern Roman Empires, the Maya civilization, and the Easter Island civilization. Virtually all civilizations have suffered such a fate, regardless of their size or complexity, but some of them later revived and transformed, such as China, India, and Egypt. A collapsed society may revert to a more primitive state, be absorbed into a stronger society, or completely disappear. ![]() Possible causes of a societal collapse include natural catastrophe, war, pestilence, famine, economic collapse, population decline, mass migration, and sabotage or assimilation by rival civilizations. Societal collapse (also known as civilizational collapse) is the fall of a complex human society characterized by the loss of cultural identity and of social complexity as an adaptive system, the downfall of government, and the rise of violence. Desolation, from The Course of Empire by Thomas Cole (1836) ![]()
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